Drawing Theories Apart
The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics
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Drawing Theories Apart
The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics
Winner of the 2007 Pfizer Prize from the History of Science Society.
Feynman diagrams have revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics since the middle of the twentieth century. Introduced by the American physicist Richard Feynman (1918-88) soon after World War II as a means of simplifying lengthy calculations in quantum electrodynamics, they soon gained adherents in many branches of the discipline. Yet as new physicists adopted the tiny line drawings, they also adapted the diagrams and introduced their own interpretations. Drawing Theories Apart traces how generations of young theorists learned to frame their research in terms of the diagrams—and how both the diagrams and their users were molded in the process.
Drawing on rich archival materials, interviews, and more than five hundred scientific articles from the period, Drawing Theories Apart uses the Feynman diagrams as a means to explore the development of American postwar physics. By focusing on the ways young physicists learned new calculational skills, David Kaiser frames his story around the crafting and stabilizing of the basic tools in the physicist’s kit—thus offering the first book to follow the diagrams once they left Feynman’s hands and entered the physics vernacular.
Drawing on rich archival materials, interviews, and more than five hundred scientific articles from the period, Drawing Theories Apart uses the Feynman diagrams as a means to explore the development of American postwar physics. By focusing on the ways young physicists learned new calculational skills, David Kaiser frames his story around the crafting and stabilizing of the basic tools in the physicist’s kit—thus offering the first book to follow the diagrams once they left Feynman’s hands and entered the physics vernacular.
376 pages | 15 halftones, 73 line drawings, 2 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2005
Physical Sciences: History and Philosophy of Physical Sciences
Reviews
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Introduction: Pedagogy and the Institutions of Theory
Richard Feynman and His Diagrams
Paper Tools and the Practice of Theory
Pedagogy and Postwar Physics
Overview: The Two Meanings of "Dispersion"
PART I. DISPERSING THE DIAGRAMS, 1948-54
Chapter 2. An Introduction in the Poconos
Quantum Electrodynamics and the Problem of Infinities
Initial Reception and Lingering Confusion
Evidence of Dispersion
Chapter 3. Freeman Dyson and the Postdoc Cascade
The Rise of Postdoctoral Training
Dyson as Diagrammatic Ambassador
Life and Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study
The Postdoc Cascade
A Pedagogical Field Theory
Chapter 4. International Dispersion
The Diagrams’ Diaspora
Feynman Diagrams in Great Britain
Feynman Diagrams in Japan
Feynman Diagrams in the Soviet Union
Tacit and Explicit Knowledges
PART II. DISPERSION IN FORM, USE, AND MEANING
Chapter 5. Seeds of Dispersion
The Feynman-Dyson Split
Perturbative Methods Fail, Feynman Diagrams Flourish
Chapter 6. Family Resemblances
Kroll’s Perturbative Bookkeepers
Marshak’s Meson Markers
Climbing Bethe’s Ladder: Feynman Diagrams and the Many-Body Problem
Training Theorists for House and Field
PART III. FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS IN AND OUT OF FIELD THEORY, 1955-70
Chapter 7. Teaching the Diagrams in an Age of Textbooks
The Postwar Age of Textbooks
The New Diagrammatic Textbooks
Pedagogy and the Pictures’ Place
Chapter 8. Doodling toward a New "Theory"
Dispersion Relations
Crossing to a New Representation
From Bookkeepers to Pole Finders: Polology and the Landau Rules
Chew the Program Builder: Nuclear Democracy and the Bootstrap
Diagrammatic Bootstrapping and the Emergence of New Theories
Chapter 9. "Democratic" Diagrams in Berkeley and Princeton
Geoffrey Chew: A Scientist’s Politics of Democracy in 1950s America
Pedagogical Reforms: "Secret Seminars" and "Wild Merrymaking"
The View from Princeton
Conditions of Diagrammatic Possibilities
Chapter 10. Paper Tools and the Theorists’ Way of Life
Why Did the Diagrams Stick? Inculcation and Reification
In Search of the Vanishing Scientific Theory
Appendix A. Feynman Diagrams in the Physical Review, 1949-54
Appendix B. Feynman Diagrams in Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1950-54
Appendix C. Feynman Diagrams in Progress of Theoretical Physics, 1949-54
Appendix D. Feynman Diagrams in Soryushi-ron Kenkyu, 1949-52
Appendix E. Feynman Diagrams in Zhurnal eksperimental’noi i teoreticheskoi fiziki, 1952-59
Appendix F. Feynman Diagrams in Other Journals, 1950-54
Interviews
Bibliography
Index
Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Introduction: Pedagogy and the Institutions of Theory
Richard Feynman and His Diagrams
Paper Tools and the Practice of Theory
Pedagogy and Postwar Physics
Overview: The Two Meanings of "Dispersion"
PART I. DISPERSING THE DIAGRAMS, 1948-54
Chapter 2. An Introduction in the Poconos
Quantum Electrodynamics and the Problem of Infinities
Initial Reception and Lingering Confusion
Evidence of Dispersion
Chapter 3. Freeman Dyson and the Postdoc Cascade
The Rise of Postdoctoral Training
Dyson as Diagrammatic Ambassador
Life and Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study
The Postdoc Cascade
A Pedagogical Field Theory
Chapter 4. International Dispersion
The Diagrams’ Diaspora
Feynman Diagrams in Great Britain
Feynman Diagrams in Japan
Feynman Diagrams in the Soviet Union
Tacit and Explicit Knowledges
PART II. DISPERSION IN FORM, USE, AND MEANING
Chapter 5. Seeds of Dispersion
The Feynman-Dyson Split
Perturbative Methods Fail, Feynman Diagrams Flourish
Chapter 6. Family Resemblances
Kroll’s Perturbative Bookkeepers
Marshak’s Meson Markers
Climbing Bethe’s Ladder: Feynman Diagrams and the Many-Body Problem
Training Theorists for House and Field
PART III. FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS IN AND OUT OF FIELD THEORY, 1955-70
Chapter 7. Teaching the Diagrams in an Age of Textbooks
The Postwar Age of Textbooks
The New Diagrammatic Textbooks
Pedagogy and the Pictures’ Place
Chapter 8. Doodling toward a New "Theory"
Dispersion Relations
Crossing to a New Representation
From Bookkeepers to Pole Finders: Polology and the Landau Rules
Chew the Program Builder: Nuclear Democracy and the Bootstrap
Diagrammatic Bootstrapping and the Emergence of New Theories
Chapter 9. "Democratic" Diagrams in Berkeley and Princeton
Geoffrey Chew: A Scientist’s Politics of Democracy in 1950s America
Pedagogical Reforms: "Secret Seminars" and "Wild Merrymaking"
The View from Princeton
Conditions of Diagrammatic Possibilities
Chapter 10. Paper Tools and the Theorists’ Way of Life
Why Did the Diagrams Stick? Inculcation and Reification
In Search of the Vanishing Scientific Theory
Appendix A. Feynman Diagrams in the Physical Review, 1949-54
Appendix B. Feynman Diagrams in Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1950-54
Appendix C. Feynman Diagrams in Progress of Theoretical Physics, 1949-54
Appendix D. Feynman Diagrams in Soryushi-ron Kenkyu, 1949-52
Appendix E. Feynman Diagrams in Zhurnal eksperimental’noi i teoreticheskoi fiziki, 1952-59
Appendix F. Feynman Diagrams in Other Journals, 1950-54
Interviews
Bibliography
Index
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