Acknowledgments • Introduction • THE HISTORY AND HABITATS • A Brief History of the Adirondacks • Geologic History • Human History • The Adirondack Park • Forest Communities • The Alpine Zone • Spruce-Fir Forests • Mixed Conifer-Hardwood Forests • Beech-Maple Forests • Winter Tree Survival • Adirondack Waters • Watersheds • Running Water • Still Waters • Aquatic Life • Impacts of Acid Rain • THE WILDLIFE • Common Invertebrates • Common Flies • Bees, Wasps, and Ants • Terrestrial Beetles and Bugs • Grasshoppers and Crickets • Butterflies and Moths • Aquatic Insects • Other Invertebrates • Common Fish • Bullhead and Catfish • Brown Bullhead • Suckers • Longnose Sucker • White Sucker • Minnows • Cutlips Minnow • Golden Shiner • Lake Chub • Eastern Blacknose Dace • Longnose Dace • Creek Chub • Fallfish • Pearl Dace • Brassy Minnow • Common Shiner • Bridle Shiner • Northern Redbelly Dace • Bluntnose Minnow • Flathead Minnow • Salmon, Trout, and Whitefish • Cisco • Lake Whitefish • Round Whitefish • Rainbow Trout • Atlantic Salmon • Brown Trout • Brook Trout • Lake Trout • Smelt • Rainbow Smelt • Mudminnows • Central Mudminnow • Pike and Pickerel • Northern Pike • Chain Pickerel • Killifish • Banded Killifish • Sunfish and Bass • Rock Bass • Redbreast Sunfish • Pumpkinseed • Smallmouth Bass • Largemouth Bass • Perch, Walleye, and Darters • Tessellated Darter • Yellow Perch • Walleye • Sculpins • Slimy Sculpin • Amphibians and Reptiles • Salamanders • Northern Two-lined Salamander • Red-backed Salamander • Northern Dusky Salamander • Spring Salamander • Red-spotted Newt • Spotted Salamander • Toads and Frogs • American Toad • Gray Tree Frog • Spring Peeper • Bullfrog • Green Frog • Wood Frog • Leopard Frog • Mink Frog • Pickerel Frog • Turtles • Wood Turtle • Painted Turtle • Snapping Turtle • Snakes • Red-bellied Snake • Brown Snake • Ringneck Snake • Garter Snake • Ribbon Snake • Milk Snake • Smooth Green Snake • Northern Water Snake • Timber Rattlesnake • Birds • Loons, Grebes, and Herons • Common Loon • Pied-billed Grebe • Great Blue Heron • American Bittern • Ducks and Geese • Canada Goose • Wood Duck • American Black Duck • Mallard • Ring-necked Duck • Common Merganser • Upland Game Birds • Ruffed Grouse • Spruce Grouse • Wild Turkey • Diurnal Birds of Prey • Turkey Vulture • Osprey • Bald Eagle • Sharp-shinned Hawk • Cooper’s Hawk • Northern Goshawk • Red-shouldered Hawk • Broad-winged Hawk • Red-tailed Hawk • American Kestral • Merlin • Peregrine Falcon • Owls • Great Horned Owl • Barred Owl • Northern Saw-whet Owl • Shorebirds and Gulls • Killdeer • Spotted Sandpiper • American Woodcock • Herring Gull • Doves and Cuckoos • Mourning Dove • Yellow-billed Cuckoo • Black-billed Cuckoo • Swifts and Hummingbirds • Chimney Swift • Ruby-throated Hummingbird • Kingfishers • Belted Kingfisher • Woodpeckers • Yellow-bellied Sapsucker • Downy Woodpecker • Hairy Woodpecker • Black-backed Woodpecker • Three-toed Woodpecker • Northern Flicker • Pileated Woodpecker • Flycatchers • Great Crested Flycatcher • Olive-sided Flycatcher • Yellow-bellied Flycatcher • Alder Flycatcher • Least Flycatcher • Eastern Wood-Pewee • Eastern Phoebe • Eastern Kingbird • Vireos • Blue-headed Vireo • Red-eyed Vireo • Jays, Crows, and Ravens • Gray Jay • Blue Jay • American Crow • Common Raven • Swallows • Barn Swallow • Tree Swallow • Bank Swallow • Chickadees • Black-capped Chickadee • Boreal Chickadee • Nuthatches and Creepers • White-breasted Nuthatch • Red-breasted Nuthatch • Brown Creeper • Wrens • House Wren • Winter Wren • Kinglets • Golden-crowned Kinglet • Ruby-crowned Kinglet • Thrushes and their Allies • Eastern Bluebird • Hermit Thrush • Veery • Swainson’s Thrush • Wood Thrush • American Robin • Mockingbirds and Thrashers • Gray Catbird • Brown Thrasher •Starlings and Waxwings • European Starling • Cedar Waxwing • Warblers • Nashville Warbler • Northern Parula Warbler • Yellow Warbler • Chestnut-sided Warbler • Magnolia Warbler • Black-throated Green Warbler • Black-throated Blue Warbler • Yellow-rumped Warbler • Blackburnian Warbler • Pine Warbler • Blackpoll Warbler • Black-and-white Warbler • American Redstart • Canada Warbler • Mourning Warbler • Ovenbird • Northern Waterthrush • Common Yellowthroat • Tanagers • Scarlet Tanager • Sparrows, Towhee, and Juncos • American Tree Sparrow • Chipping Sparrow • Song Sparrow • Swamp Sparrow • White-throated Sparrow • House Sparrow • Eastern Towhee • Dark-eyed Junco • Grosbeaks and Buntings • Rose-breasted Grosbeak • Evening Grosbeak • Indigo Bunting • Blackbirds and Orioles • Red-winged Blackbird • Rusty Blackbird • Common Grackle • Baltimore Oriole • Finches • Purple Finch • Pine Siskin • American Goldfinch • Mammals • Marsupials • Virginia Opossum • Shrews • Masked Shrew • Water Shrew • Short-tailed Shrew • Moles • Hairy-tailed Mole • Star-nosed Mole • Bats • Little Brown Bat • Eastern Pipistrelle • Big Brown Bat • Silver Haired Bat • Red Bat • Hoary Bat • Rabbits and Hares • Eastern Cottontail Rabbit • Snowshoe Hare • Small Rodents • Deer Mouse • White-footed Mouse • Meadow Jumping Mouse • Woodland Jumping Mouse • Southern Red-backed Vole • Meadow Vole • Rock Vole • Woodland Vole • Southern Bog Lemming • Northern Bog Lemming • Chipmunks and Squirrels • Eastern Chipmunk • Eastern Gray Squirrel • Red Squirrel • Southern Flying Squirrel • Northern Flying Squirrel • Larger Rodents • Woodchuck • Muskrat • Beaver • Porcupine • Weasels and their Allies • Short-tailed Weasel • Long-tailed Weasel • American Mink • American Marten • Fisher • River Otter • Striped Skunk • Procyonids • Raccoon • Canids • Red Fox • Gray Fox • Coyote • Felids • Bobcat • Bears • American Black Bear • Ungulates • White-tail Deer • Moose • Extirpated Carnivores • Glossary • Species Checklist • Index