Skip to main content

Distributed for Karolinum Press, Charles University

Architects of Long Change

The Expert Roots of Post-Socialism in Czechoslovakia (1980–1995)

Translated by Gerald Turner
A thorough retort to the idea that the West led the transition from communism to liberal democracy.

Architects of Long Change examines expert forms of governance and their legitimization before 1989, as well as the transfer of expert knowledge and practices of political and social management during the democratic transition. The contributors argue that so-called neoliberal governance was not solely the result of imported Western political and cultural models, but was also shaped by intellectual, mental, and sociocultural continuities from the period of late socialism. These continuities—and the broader hypothesis of a “long systemic change” spanning from 1980 to 1995—are explored through case studies in legal science, sociology, urban planning, environmental studies, psychotherapy, and business management. 

Architects of Long Change offers a novel perspective on the late communist dictatorship, the democratic revolution of 1989, and the early development of liberal democracy and capitalism in Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic.

400 pages | 5.91 x 7.48 | © 2026

Václav Havel Series

History: European History, History of Ideas


Table of Contents

Preface to English Edition 11 
Introduction (Michal Kopeček) 15 
Neoliberal hegemony as a hypothesis 17 
Experts in existing social-science and historical research 25 
What the reader will find in the book 36 
Acknowledgements 46

Ruling by Law: Czech Jurisprudence 
from "Repressive Legality" to the Rule of Law, 
1969–1994 (Michal Kopeček) 53 
From Stalinist "jurisprudence of terror" 
to the "civic socialism" of the Prague Spring 60 
The normalisation of rule: jurisprudence and "socialist legality" 
as instruments to manage and discipline society 
under the Husák regime 67 
"The rule of law" in the name of socialism? 83 
Legalistic revolutions, legal continuity and the origins 
of liberal constitutionalism 99 
Conclusion 114

Enterprise Management in Czechoslovakia 
from Socialism to Capitalism (Tomáš Vilímek) 129 
From "purges" to perestroika – socialist managers 
in the 1969–1985 period 132 
From "restructuring" to demolition – corporate management 
at the end of the 1980s 136 
The functions and position of the enterprise manager 
before 1989 149 
Produce or "play the plan parameters game" 151 
Political commitment and creating the impression 
of "a trustworthy comrade" 154 
Enterprise management and the intra-enterprise coalition 161 
The post-socialist manager "under fire" in the early 1990s 165

From the Socialist Theory of Management to Neo-Liberal 
Managerialism (Michal Kopeček and Václav Rameš) 193 
The boom of socialist management theory in Czechoslovakia 201 
The socialist management theory of the 1970s 
and early 1980s 204 
From "socialist competition" to the "sense of being 
a socialist manager": management theory at the time 
of perestroika 209 
Management science at the time of building capitalism 
after the democratic revolution 213 
Conclusion 219

The Transformation of Socialist Man into the Liberal 
Individual? (Adéla Gjuričová) 231 
More prolific than one might think 238 
Advantages of invisibility 243 
At what price? 248 
Against hierarchies 252 
The golden nineties 256 
Therapeutisation: it is a question of where and how 259

Criticism, Management and Business: Social Research 
and Sociology as Tools of Governance in Czechoslovakia 
after 1969 (Michal Kopeček) 271 
Social research and sociology as part of authoritarian governance 
in late socialism 277 
The sociology of the socialist enterprise and public opinion 
research 284 
From a sociology of socialist lifestyle to a civil society 
paradigm? 291 
"Social therapy" or a critical mirror of society? Sociology 
in the liberal democracy of the early 1990s 301 
Conclusion 318

Between Science and Politics: Ecology in Socialism 
and Capitalism (Matěj Spurný) 331 
Man and his home: the transformation of sensibilities 
at the end of industrial modernity 340 
Contradictions in the relationship of state socialist governance 
to environmental protection 343 
Experts, activists, dissidents and social movements 
before November 1989 351 
Averting catastrophe: ecology’s finest hour at the turn 
of the 1990s 363 
The star fades 367 
Ecology between marginalization and economization 371 
Conclusion 380

Planning Prague in the 1980s–1990s: The Self-Destruction 
of Urban Planning Expertise (Petr Roubal) 391 
The crisis of modern socialist urban planning 393 
Perestroika and the Prague city planning discourse 402 
The Battle over Žižkov and Stromovka 407 
Anti-communist urbanism: planning expertise after 1989 419 
Conclusion 431

List of Abbreviations 441 
About the Authors 442

Be the first to know

Get the latest updates on new releases, special offers, and media highlights when you subscribe to our email lists!

Sign up here for updates about the Press